This is the easy part! The focus control sets the distance
at which objects will appear sharp and clear in the final
photograph. Setting the focus changes tiny distances
between elements inside the lens, altering the way light
passes through it. Focus isn't measured in stops like
other camera controls – it's just a distance, in either feet
or metres.
The focus on most newer lenses can be set using a ring
on the lens barrel. A switch on the lens or the camera
body sets the camera to "autofocus" (it finds the focus
point automatically) or to "manual focus" (you find the focus point yourself). Focusing
isn't complicated, but it can be important to do it carefully. The focusing ranges of
particular lenses vary, but most can focus from about 0.5m to infinity.
You'll be able to easily tell where your lens is focused – everything at that distance will
appear sharp and clear in your camera's viewfinder. Some modern cameras also have
"focus confirmation", a small light that flashes on in the viewfinder when correct focus is
achieved, even when manually focusing
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